{"id":121,"date":"2026-04-15T11:54:50","date_gmt":"2026-04-15T11:54:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/redzine.co.uk\/index.php\/2026\/04\/15\/drought-could-be-making-antibiotic-resistance-worse-scientists-say\/"},"modified":"2026-04-15T11:54:50","modified_gmt":"2026-04-15T11:54:50","slug":"drought-could-be-making-antibiotic-resistance-worse-scientists-say","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/redzine.co.uk\/index.php\/2026\/04\/15\/drought-could-be-making-antibiotic-resistance-worse-scientists-say\/","title":{"rendered":"Drought could be making antibiotic resistance worse, scientists say"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/span> Piyaset\/Shutterstock.com<\/a><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Antibiotic resistance is often associated with hospitals and the overuse of antibiotics in agriculture. Both are genuine problems, but new research suggests another potential culprit that many people haven\u2019t considered \u2013 droughts caused by climate change.<\/p>\n

A recent study<\/a> published in the journal Nature Microbiology found that when soil dries out, it can speed up the natural processes that create and spread antibiotic resistance. This doesn\u2019t mean drought directly creates superbugs in hospitals, but it suggests climate change could make the problem worse.<\/p>\n

This matters a lot for the UK. The Met Office<\/a> predicts that summers will get hotter and drier, with longer droughts if emissions stay high. Meanwhile, the NHS is already struggling with antibiotic-resistant infections, which are harder to treat and keep patients in hospital longer. When standard antibiotics stop working, doctors are sometimes forced to use powerful alternatives<\/a> that are kept in reserve precisely because overusing them risks making those resistant too. These are known as \u201cdrugs of last resort\u201d.<\/p>\n

So what\u2019s actually happening in the soil? Soil is teeming with bacteria, and many of them naturally produce antibiotics<\/a> to kill off rivals. Other bacteria carry genes that make them resistant to those attacks.<\/p>\n

An arms race in the soil<\/h2>\n

In normal, moist soil, bacteria live in a relatively stable environment. But when soil dries out, water gets squeezed into tiny, isolated pockets. Bacteria get crowded together, nutrients become scarce and competition turns brutal. In these conditions, bacteria produce more antibiotics to attack each other, and more resistance genes emerge to help them survive. It\u2019s an arms race fuelled by drought.<\/p>\n

Here\u2019s why that\u2019s relevant to human health: bacteria can swap genes with each other through a process called horizontal gene transfer<\/a> \u2013 think of it like sharing a video game cheat code. This means resistance genes from soil bacteria can be picked up by bacteria that infect humans. In fact, some resistance genes found in soil bacteria have already been spotted in bacteria that infect people<\/a>, hinting at a long evolutionary connection between the two.<\/p>\n

Horizontal gene transfer explained.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Some large<\/a> studies<\/a> have found that drier regions of the world tend to report higher levels of antibiotic-resistant infections in hospitals, even when taking differences in wealth and healthcare quality into account. However, these studies show correlation, not direct cause and effect. Other factors like how infections are tracked or how easy it is to access healthcare could also explain this pattern.<\/p>\n

Some of the soil bacteria linked to this problem are close relatives of hospital pathogens like Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/em> and Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/em>, which belong to a group called Eskape<\/a>, responsible for many of the world\u2019s hardest-to-treat infections. Again, this doesn\u2019t mean these bugs come from soil, but it does show how connected environmental and clinical bacteria really are.<\/p>\n

Antibiotic resistance already causes millions of infections<\/a> every year worldwide. Most efforts to tackle it have focused on cutting unnecessary antibiotic use in medicine and farming, which is still vital. But this research suggests the environment itself, and how climate change is reshaping it, also plays a role we can\u2019t afford to ignore.<\/p>\n

This is where the idea of One Health<\/a> comes in. One Health is the idea that human, animal and environmental health are all closely linked. Antibiotic resistance, seen through this lens, isn\u2019t just a medical problem, it\u2019s an ecological one too.<\/p>\n

As droughts become more common in the UK and around the world, scientists will need to keep a much closer eye on what\u2019s happening beneath our feet.<\/p>\n

\"The<\/p>\n

Manal Mohammed does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Piyaset\/Shutterstock.com Antibiotic resistance is often associated with hospitals and the overuse of antibiotics in agriculture. Both are genuine problems, but new research suggests another potential culprit that many people haven\u2019t considered \u2013 droughts caused by climate change. A recent study published in the journal Nature Microbiology found that when soil dries out, it can speed […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-121","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/redzine.co.uk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/121","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/redzine.co.uk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/redzine.co.uk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/redzine.co.uk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/redzine.co.uk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=121"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/redzine.co.uk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/121\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/redzine.co.uk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=121"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/redzine.co.uk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=121"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/redzine.co.uk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=121"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}